A Study of Hypertension and Obesity Among the Adult Population in a Rural Area Near NCT Delhi.

Background: The burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in India is substantial and is estimated to increase, in rural areas too. Objectives: To study hypertension and obesity among the adult population in a rural area near Delhi. Materials/methods: A complete enumeration of the total population was done in Mandola village of Uttar Pradesh by conducting a house to house survey. After collecting information based data, the height, weight and blood pressure of all available family members were recorded as per standard procedures. Results: Data was collected from a total of 1124 persons. While there were 15.5% current smokers, 4.4% were consumers of alcohol. The prevalence of current smoking was 35.4% among the males and 3.3% among the females. It was observed that 20.2% of the males and 27.2% females were obese. Among the females, obesity was more likely among the housewives (p<0.001) and those of older age (p<0.001). The proportion of hypertensives was 16.0% in males and 13.0% in females. Among the males, hypertension was more common among the smokers than non-smokers (18.5% vs. 14.5%) and among current alcohol users than non-users (22.4% vs. 15.1%). We found several subjects, of both genders, who had both hypertension as well as obesity. Conclusion: The present study has shown that the burden of NCDs such as hypertension and obesity is quite substantial in a rural population.

Association of apolipoprotein B XbaI gene polymorphism and lipid profile in northern Indian obese.

BACKGROUND: Over the last few decades, obesity, diabetes, and hypertension have become main health evils. The health problems of obesity are well-recognized. However, the fact that all obese individuals are not at the same risk of developing a disease is also recognized. The apolipoprotein B (APOB) plays a central role in lipid metabolism. So we compare the association of APOB XbaI gene polymorphism and lipid profile total in obese north Indian population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 132 obese (body mass index [BMI] >25 kg/m2) and 132 age matched non-obese (BMI ≤ 25 kg/m2) subjects were studied after taking detailed clinical profile. Lipid profile in serum/plasma was done using commercial kits. Genetic analysis of APOB XbaI was done using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Leanth polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Statistical analysis was performed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) (version 11.5) software (IBM Corporation). All continuous variables were expressed as mean ± SD and tested by analysis of variance test. Comparisons of categorical variables were assessed using χ2 tests or Fisher's exact test. P < 0.05 was considered as significant. RESULTS: Analysis showed that obese subjects had significantly higher value of the waist-to-hip ratio, blood pressure (systolic and diastolic), and lipid profile. In APOB XbaI gene polymorphism, we did not find significant differences in genotype or allele frequencies. Moreover, none of the studied metabolic parameters (lipid profile) showed any association with the gene polymorphism. CONCLUSIONS: Study reveals no considerable association of APOB XbaI gene polymorphism with obesity and lipid profile in north Indians.

Estimation of body mass index in daquq district

Belgian astronomer Quetelet observed in 1869 that among adults of normal body mass, weight was proportional to the square of height. In 1972 Keys and colleagues made a similar observation and named it body mass index [BMI]. This index is a measurement of choice for most physicians and researchers. A BMI between 20-25 kg/m[2] is regarded as a good weight for most individuals. Overweight is defined as BMI above 25 kg/ m[2] and obesity defined as BMI above 30 kg/ m[2]. BMI less than 20 kg/m[2] is considered as insufficient weight. Is to learn the trends and extent of the overweight, obesity and to examine the nutritional state of the community. We also wanted to estimate the prevalence of obesity, malnutrition and study the association of high BMI with diabetes, hypertension and a family history of hypertension and diabetes. Additionally we wanted to study the association of BMI estimation with dietary habits, smoking, physical activity, ethnicity, educational status and other factors.Is a community based cross-sectional study, in the period 1st to 31st of August, 2003, 17 clusters had been chosen from Daquq town and its villages, including 89 families and 424 persons above 13 years of age. We measured the weight and the height of the subjects and calculated the BMI of each subject, A self-determined questionnaire had also been answered by the subjects. We found that obesity is more prevalent among females of all age groups, e.g. 50% of females above 64 years of age have a BMI of > 30 in comparison with males 16% for same age group. Also rural subjects have higher BMI than urban subjects. Mean of BMI of married individuals [male 26.1, female 27.3] is higher than unmarried [male 22.7, female 23.3]. Housewives have a highest BMI [23% of them have BMI equal or more than 30] while students have the lowest BMI [1.6% have BMI equal or more than 30]. Illiterate people are more obese [22.6% of them have BMI equal or more than 30] than educated. There was no negative relation between smoking and obesity, but ex-smokers were heavier than non-smokers and those who never smoked. Ethnic variation showed that mean BMI in Turkman was [25.7], in Kurds [24.7] and in Arabs [23.8]. Diabetic and hypertensive people have a higher BMI. 67% of diabetic and 42.5% of hypertensive patients have BMI equal or more than 30. Those with a family history of these two diseases also have a higher BMI than others. Regarding dietary habits, the BMI increased by increase in the consumption of bread. This study showed that high BMI and obesity are more common among females, rural people, married, illiterate, housewives, diabetic, hypertensive, those with a family history of diabetes and hypertension, and those with a high bread consumption, and we recommend that care and attention should be taken toward risk groups and encouraging awareness in people about their weight and physical fitness